1. Skin Conditions

• Use: Latex applied to warts, ringworm, and fungal infections.
• Example: Among the Kikuyu and Luhya, the sap is dabbed on warts to dry them out.

2. Respiratory Ailments

• Use: Decoctions of stems used to treat asthma, coughs, and bronchitis.
• Example: In Kamba communities, a diluted extract is taken for chest congestion.

3. Digestive Issues

• Use: Used in small doses to treat constipation and stomach ulcers.
• Example: Luo herbalists administer a diluted latex solution for stomach pain.

4. Toothache and Oral Health

• Use: Latex applied to aching teeth or gums.
• Example: In Maasai culture, elders use it for toothache relief, though with caution due to its potency.

5. Fertility and Sexual Health

• Use: Used in some communities to treat impotence or infertility.
• Example: Among the Marakwet, root infusions are used in traditional fertility rituals.

6. Livestock Use

• Use: Fed to camels in dry areas to improve health and fattening.
• Example: In Northern Kenya, Borana herders feed it to weak camels.

7. Other Uses

• Live Fence: Commonly planted around homesteads and fields.
• Fuel: Used as firewood when other sources are scarce.
• Glue & Rubber: Latex used to make glue and rubber-like materials.
• Pest Control: Latex used as a natural insecticide1.

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