1. Wound Healing and Skin Conditions

• Use: Crushed leaves are applied to cuts, burns, and skin ulcers to promote healing.
• Example: In coastal Kenya, traditional healers use leaf paste to treat skin infections and speed up wound recovery.

2. Memory and Cognitive Enhancement

• Use: Taken as a tea or tonic to boost memory, reduce anxiety, and improve focus.
• Example: Among urban herbalists in Nairobi, it is recommended for students and elders with memory loss.

3. Digestive and Liver Health

• Use: Used to treat indigestion, constipation, jaundice, and hepatitis.
• Example: In Western Kenya, decoctions are used to cleanse the liver and improve digestion.

4. Diabetes and Blood Sugar Control

• Use: Taken to help regulate blood sugar and manage diabetes.
• Example: In Kisii, it is part of herbal blends for managing early-stage diabetes.

5. Anti-inflammatory and Rheumatic Relief

• Use: Used to relieve joint pain, arthritis, and eczema.
• Example: In Kamba communities, it is applied topically for swollen joints and taken as tea for internal inflammation.

6. Venous and Circulatory Health

• Use: Improves blood circulation, strengthens veins, and is used for varicose veins.
• Example: Herbalists in Nairobi recommend it for people with poor circulation or leg swelling.

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